The geographical prerequisites for the identification and prevention of dangerous geomorphological processes in the mountain geosystems of the Alpine-Himalayan belt (on the example of the Major Caucasus of Azerbaijan)
Keywords:
hazardous geomorphological processes, Alpine-Himalayan montane system, geomorphology, tectonics, dangerous exogenous processes
Abstract
Destructive natural phenomena are a serious, sometimes unsolvable, regional and local environmental and socioeconomic problem. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of materials from long-term geomorphological studies in the mountainous areas on the example of the Major Caucasus of Azerbaijan. The dangerous geomorphological processes on the example of the Major Caucasus of Azerbaijan were investigated in detail using large-scale maps, satellite imagery and aerial photography. Geomorphological maps were drawn (map of mudflow hazard and map of landslide hazard in the Azerbaijani part of the Major Caucasus). The research determined the dangerous zones where landslides could cover 65–70% of the total area and outlined the zones and regularities of spread of various types of mudflow origination sites. The analysis of the manifestations of most active (with catastrophic consequences) destructive natural processes and the morphotectonic structure of the studied area showed that the their occurrence and maximum intensity was confined to the weakest plexuses of mountains – intersections of faults and fractures of various directions and orders. A technique for assessing the eco-geomorphological risk to prevent dangerous natural phenomena was offered. The technique is based on the detection of zones with intensive geomorphological processes, which are often not dangerous separately, but could have catastrophic consequences together. The results obtained during the assessment of the effect of natural and man-caused factors on the stability of montane ecosystems may be used to forecast dangerous natural phenomena and to research geodynamical dangerous geomorphological process not only in Azerbaijan, but also in other regions of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. The obtained results can be used to plan and perform economic activities, determine and minimize the hazards and risks of occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena, and forecast such phenomena in the future.References
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33. Tarikhazer, S. A., 2013. The specific features of and trends in the development of high-mountain ecosystems of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus. Works of the Geographical Society of Azerbaijan. Assessment and Regional Utilization of the Natural Resource Potential of Geosystems under Global Changes. Baku. (In Russian).
34. Van den Eeckhaut, M., Poesen, J., Govers, G., Verstraeten, G., Demoulin, A., 2007. Characteristics of the size distribution of recent and historical landslides in a populated hilly region. Earth Planet. Sc. Lett. 256: 588-603. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.040
35. Yafiazova, R.K., 2009. Assessment of mudflows and their prediction under global warming. Abstract of Sc.D. dissertation. Kazakhstan, Almaty. (In Russian).
2. Alizade, E.K., 2004. Some geodynamic features of morphostructure development in eastern Lesser Caucasus. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of the Geographical Society of Azerbaijan. Baku. (In Russian).
3. Alizade, E.K., Tarikhazer, S.A., 2010. Exo-morphodynamic of mountains and its assessment. Baku. (In Russian).
4. Alizade, E.K., Tarikhazer, S.A., 2015. Ecogeomorphological danger and hazards at Major Caucasus (in limits of Azerbaijan). Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Anakhaev, K.N., Makitov, U.I., Anakhaev, K.A., Dyshekov, A.K.: 2016. Formation conditions of rainfallgenerated mudflows in mountain regions. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 41(6): 418-424. (In Russian). DOI: 10.3103/s1068373916060066
6. Ardizzone, F., Cardinali, M., Carrara, A., Guzzetti, F., Reichenbach, P., 2002. Impact of mapping errors on the reliability of landslide hazard maps. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2: 3-14. https://doi. org/10.5194/nhess-2-3-2002
7. Baynes, F.J., Lee, I.K., Stewart, I.E., 2002. A study of the accuracy and precision of some landslide risk analyses. Aust. Geomech. 37: 149-156.
8. Bobrovich, A.S., 2008. Mathematical estimation of the stability factor of landslide objects. PhD in Geology and Mineralogy. Ulyanovsk. (In Russian).
9. Brardinoni, F., Slaymaker, O., Hassan, M.A., 2003. Landslide inventory in a rugged forested watershed: a comparison between air-photo and field survey data. Geomorphology 54: 179-196. DOI: 10.1016/ S0169-555X(02)00355-0
10. Budagov, B.A., 1993. A general characteristic of terrain in Azerbaijan. Elm, Baku. (In Russian).
11. Chernomorets, S.S., 2003. The peculiarities of morpholithodynamics of mudflow origination sites in the Central Caucasus after catastrophic mudflows. Abstract of PhD in Geography dissertation. Moscow. (In Russian).
12. Corominas, J., van Westen, C.J., Frattini, P., Cascini, L., Malet, J.P., Fotopoulou, S., Catani, F., Eeckhaut, M., Mavrouli, O., Agliardi, F., Pitilakis, K., Winter, M.G., Pastor, M., Ferlisi, S., Tofani, V., Hervas, J., Smith, J.T., 2014. Recommendations for the quantitative analysis of land-slide risk. B. Eng. Geol. Environ. 73: 209-263. DOI 10.1007/ s10064-013-0538-8
13. Gueng,C., Fomenko, I.K., Zerkal, O.B., Pendin, V.V., 2018. Regional forecast of landslide hazard in the Ha Long, Cam Pha region in northeastern Vietnam. Engineering Geology 3: 40-53. DOI:10.25296/1993-5056.
14. Gotvansky, V.I., Lebedeva, Ye.V., 2010. The effect of natural and man-caused factors on the intensity of geomorphological processes in the Far East. Geomorphology 1: 26-35. (In Russian).
15. Huang, C-J, Yin, H.Y., 2003. Experimental study of the underground sound generated by debris flows. Debris-Row Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment. Millpress, Rotterdam.
16. Inaba, H., 2003. Notes on the modeling of debris-flow surface images Debris-Row Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment. Millpress, Rotterdam.
17. Jansky L., Pachova, N.I., 2006. Towards Sustainable Land Management in Mountain Areas in Central Asia. Global Environmental Research 1: 99-115.
18. Kang, S., Su, X., Tong, L., Shi, P., Yang, X., Abe, Y., Du, T., Shen, Q., Zhang, J., 2004. The impacts of human activities on the water-land environment of the Shiyang River basin, an arid region in northwest China. Hydrological Sciences Journal 49(3): 413427. https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.49.3.413.54347
19. Kuzmin, S.B., 2014. On the methods of assessment of potential geomorphological danger in extensive geo-ecological studies in active fault area. Nauka, Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
20. Lee C.T., Huang C.C., Lee J.F., Pan K.L., Lin M.L., Dong J.J., 2008. Statistical approach to earthquakeinduced landslide susceptibility. Engineering Geology 100: 43-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.004
21. Lioubimtseva, I., Henebry, G.M., 2009. Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia: Impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations. Journal of Arid Environments 73: 963–977. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.022
22. Malamud, B.D., Turcotte, D.L., Guzzetti, F., Reichenbach, P., 2004. Landslide inventories and their statistical properties. Earth Surf. Processes 29: 687-711. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1064
23. Mazur, I.I., Ivanov, O.P., 2004. Dangerous natural processes. Economics, Moscow. (In Russian).
24. Mills, K, Paul, J., 2003. Forest practices and mitigation of debris-flow risk in Oregon, USA. Debris-Row Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment. Millpress, Rotterdam.
25. Paramonov, D.A., 2005. Technique for different-scale mapping of the conditions of mudflow formation by the example of the Elbrus Mountain area. PhD in Geography dissertation. (In Russian).
26. Petrascheck, A., Kienholz, H., 2003. Hazard assessment and mapping of mountain risks in Switzerland. Debris-Row Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment. Millpress, Rotterdam.
27. Schlögel, R., Doubre, C., Maletl, J.P., Masson, F., 2015. Landslide deformation monitoring with ALOS/ PALSAR imagery: a DInSAR geomorphological interpretation method. Geomorphology 231: 314330. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2369-2015
28. Seversky, I.V., Blagoveshchensky, V.P., Vinokhodov, V.V.,Kirenskaya T.L., 2010. Mudflows and landslides in Kazakhstan. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Journal. (In Russian).
29. Singhroy, V., Molch, K., 2004. Characterizing and monitoring rockslides from SAR techniques. Adv. Space. Res. 33: 290-295.
30. Spengler, R.N., Ryabogina, N., Tarasov, P.E., Wagner, M., 2016. The spread of agriculture into northern Central Asia: Timing, pathways, and environmental feedbacks. Holocene 26(10): 1527-1540. DOI: 10.1177/0959683616641739
31. Tarikhazer, S.A., 2006. The peculiarities of exo-dynamic processes in different altitudinal and geomorphological belts. Problems of Sustainable Development of Mountainous Territories. Works of the Geographical Society of Azerbaijan 10: 142-147. Baku. (In Russian).
32. Tarikhazer, S.A., 2010. Dominant exo-morphodynamic processes in montane geosystems in the coastal areas of the Caspian See. Works of the Geograph
ical Society of Azerbaijan. Ecosystems of the Caspian Sea and Adjacent Regions: Dangers and Risks. Baku. (In Russian).
33. Tarikhazer, S. A., 2013. The specific features of and trends in the development of high-mountain ecosystems of the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus. Works of the Geographical Society of Azerbaijan. Assessment and Regional Utilization of the Natural Resource Potential of Geosystems under Global Changes. Baku. (In Russian).
34. Van den Eeckhaut, M., Poesen, J., Govers, G., Verstraeten, G., Demoulin, A., 2007. Characteristics of the size distribution of recent and historical landslides in a populated hilly region. Earth Planet. Sc. Lett. 256: 588-603. DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.040
35. Yafiazova, R.K., 2009. Assessment of mudflows and their prediction under global warming. Abstract of Sc.D. dissertation. Kazakhstan, Almaty. (In Russian).
Published
2020-04-11
How to Cite
Tarikhazer, S. (2020). The geographical prerequisites for the identification and prevention of dangerous geomorphological processes in the mountain geosystems of the Alpine-Himalayan belt (on the example of the Major Caucasus of Azerbaijan). Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 29(1), 176-187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/112016
Section
Статьи
