Human-induced load on the environment when using geothermal heat pump wells
Keywords:
human-induced load, geothermal well, heat pump
Abstract
The research is aimed to study the process of change in temperature mode dynamics for the Earth subsurface layer when heat is extracted with geothermal heat pump systems, reveal and disclose specifics of effect on the ecology caused by technologies using geothermal resources and give practical recommendations regarding further development of methods for designing heat pumps using low potential heat energy of soil based on the long-term forecast and efficacy assessment. Mathematical statistics and mathematical model methods were applied for assessment of economic and environmental effects. Methods based on principles of the theory of thermal conductivity, hydromechanics, theory of differential equations and mathematical analysis were applied for calculation of proposed systems and review of field observation findings. The authors had developed for research purposes an experimental geothermal heat pump system consisting of four structurally connected geothermal wells, each with installed U-shaped twin collectors of 200 m overall length, and a heat pump of 14 kW capacity with a heat energy battery for 300 L connected to the building heat-supply system. They also created a computer data archivation and visualisation system and devised a research procedure. The paper provides assessment of the effect caused by changes in the process operation mode of the heat pump system on the soil temperature near the geothermal well. As a result, the authors have found that the higher the intensity of heat energy extraction, the lower the soil temperature near the geothermal heat exchanger, in proportion to the load on the system. Moreover, it has been determined by experimental means that at critical loads on the geothermal heat exchanger the soil temperature is unable to keep up with regeneration and may reach negative values. The research also determined relation between inservice time and season of the system operation and temperature fluctuations of geothermal field. For example, it has been found by experimental means that the heat flow from the well is spread radially, from the well axis to its borders. Additionally, it has been proved that depending on the heat load value, the bed temperature is changed after the time of the first launch. For example, the geothermal field temperature has changed from the time of the first launch during 1-year operation by 0.5 °С in average. The research has proved that depending on the heat load value, under seasonal operation (heating only or cooling only) of the system, the soil temperature has decreased for five years by 2.5 °С and switched to quasi-steady state, meanwhile, stabilisation of the geothermal field in the state under 1-year operation (heating and cooling) occurred yet in the 2nd year of operation. In conclusion, the paper reasonably states that geothermal heat pump systems using vertical heat exchangers installed into the wells put no significant human-induced load on the environment. At the same time, still relevant are issues of scientific approach to development of the required configuration of the geothermal collector, methodology for its optimal placement and determination of efficacy depending on operation conditions.References
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2. Chao, Lu., Feng, Yu., Zheng, M., Zhong, J., 2016. Research on Soil Heat Balance Theory of Ground Coupled Heat Pump System. Springer Science + Business Media. 855–861.
3. Degtyarev, K., 2013. Teplo Zemli. Geotermalnaya energiya. [Heat of the Earth. Geothermal energy]. Science and life. 9/10. 27-35 (in Russian)
4. Filatov, S.O., Volodin, V.I., 2012. Numerical modeling of the joint work of the heat of the soil utilizer with a heat receiver. Proceedings of BSTU. 3 (3). 179– 183 (in Russian)
5. Gao, J., Zhang, Xu., Liu, J., Li, Sh., Yang, J., 2008. Thermal performance and ground temperature of vertical pile-foundation heat exchangers: A case study. Applied Thermal Engineering. V.28. 2295–2304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.01.013
6. Goshovskyi, S.V., Zurian, A.V., 2017. Ekologichni perevagi ta nedoliki tehnologiy vikoristannya geotermalnih resursiv yak dzherela vidnovlyuvanoyi energiyi [Environmental advantages and disadvantages of technologies for using geothermal resources as a source of renewable energy] Proc. IV Intern. geol. forum «Actual Problems and Prospects of Geological Development, Science and Technology». Odessa. Ukraine. 62–67. (in Ukrainian)
7. Goshovskyi, S.V., Zurian, А.V., 2015. Analiz primeneniya razlichnyh istochnikov vozobnovlyaemoj energii dlya optimal’noj raboty teplonasosnyh sistem [Analysis of different sources usage of renewable energy for optimal performance heat pump systems]. Scientific proceedings of UkrDGRI. 2. 9–20 (in Russian)
8. Hepbasli, A., Kalinci, Y., 2009. A review of heat pump water heating systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 1211-1229. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.002
9. Kordas, O., Nikoforovich, E.I., 2014. Modelirovanie energeticheskih harakteristik geotermalnyih sistem. [Modeling of energy characteristics of geothermal systems]. Applied Hydromechanics, 16 (1). 42– 52 (in Russian)
10. Krylov, V.A., Chernoozersky, V.A., Nikitin, A.A., Baranov, I.V., 2015. Uchet neravnomernosti temperaturnogo polya v geotermalnoy skvazhine teplovogo nasosa [Accounting for temperature field nonuniformity in a geothermal well of a heat pump]. Vestnik MAX. 1. 75–80 (in Russian)
11. Li, S., Yang, W., Zhang, X., 2009. Soil temperature distribution around a U-tube heat exchanger in a multi-function ground source heat pump system. Appl. Therm. Eng. V. 29. 3679–3686. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.06.025
12. Limarenko, A.N., Taranenko, A.N., 2015. Ekologicheskie posledstviya polucheniya i ispolzovaniya geotermalnoy energii v Ukraine [Ecological consequences of obtaining and using geothermal energy in Ukraine. Energy]. Energy-saving technologies and equipment. 3/1 (23). 4–8. (in Russian)
13. Morozov, Yu. P., 2017. Dobycha geotermal’nyh resursov i akkumulirovanie teploty v podzemnyh gorizontah [Extraction of geothermal resources and heat storage in underground horizons]. Kyiv, Scientific thought, 197. (in Russian)
14. Morrison, G., Anderson, T., Behnia, M., 2004. Seasonal performance rating of heat pump water heaters. Solar Energy, 76, 147–152. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.08.007
15. Nakorchevsky, A.I., Basok, B.I., 2005. Optimalnaya konstruktsiya gruntovyih teploobmennikov [Optimum design of soil heat exchangers]. Industrial heat engineering. 27(6). 27–31 (in Russian)
16. Nikitin, A.A., Krylov, V.A., Ryabova, T.V., Vasilenok, A.V., 2015. Ekonomicheskie i ekologicheskie aspektyi ispolzovaniya geotermalnyih tehnologiy v narodnom hozyaystve [Economic and environmental aspects of the use of geothermal technologies in the national economy] Scientific journal NRU ITMO. Series: Economics and Environmental Management. 2. 348-356 (in Russian)
17. Saprykina, N. Yu., Yakovlev, P.V., 2017. Energosberegayuschie tehnologii portovyih sooruzheniy na osnove primeneniya geotermalnyih teplovyih nasosov. [Energy-saving technologies of port facilities based on the use of geothermal heat pumps]. Vestnik ASTU. Ser.: Marine engineering and technology. Astrakhan, 1, 116–124 (in Russian)
18. Saprykina, N.Yu., Yakovlev, P.V., 2016. Issledovanie estestvennogo izmeneniya temperaturnogo polya pri mnogoletnej ekspluatacii teplovogo nasosa [The study of the natural changes in the temperature field during the long-term operation of the heat pump]. Bulletin of the tomsk state architectural-construction university. 4. 117–125 (in Russian)
19. Shubenko, V.O., Kuharec, S.M., 2014. Vykory`stannya nyzkotemperaturnyx dzherel energiyi ta yix peretvoryuvachiv. Perspektyvy rozvytku alternaty`vnoyi energetyky na Polissi Ukrayiny. [Use of low-temperature energy sources and their converters]. Prospects for the development of alternative energy in the Polissya of Ukraine. Center for Educational Literature, Kyiv. 240-261 (in Ukrainian)
20. Tidwell, J., Weir, T., 2016. Renewable energy resources, 2nd edition. Taylor and Francis, London, UK.
21. Zurian, O., 2019 Comparison of efficiency of geothermal and hydrothermal energy systems. Proc. XIX International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM. Renewable Energy Sources and Clean Tech. Varna. Bulgaria. 83-90. DOI: 10.5593/sgem2019/4.1/S17.011
Published
2020-04-08
How to Cite
Goshovskyi, S., & Zurian, O. (2020). Human-induced load on the environment when using geothermal heat pump wells. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 29(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/112006
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Статьи
