Specificity of genetic nature and classification characteristics of Zmiiny Island chernozem soils
Keywords:
Zmiiny Island, chernozem soils and their geographic and genetic features, classification characteristics
Abstract
Even the first researchers of the nature of the small (20.5 hectares) rocky Zmiiny Island in the northwestern Black Sea region visually diagnosed the soil there with black earth. Since 2003, the staff of the Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography of the Odessa National University named by I.U.Mechnikov ONU began the study of factors and processes of soil formation, soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island territory. It was found out that on the inter-rocky areas of the island un- der the steppe grassy vegetation on the gravelly-stony eluvium or eluvium-deluvium of dense rocks formed unusually high humus (up to 14-18%) undeveloped and short-profile chernozem soils. However, the diagnostic and classification of these soils remains unclear. The purpose is to characterize the specificity of the genetic nature of the island soils and to determine their diagnostic and classification affiliation, including the World Reference Base for Soil Resources WRB.The materials presented in this article are obtained as a result of our extensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis, research and mapping of soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island with the application of methodological principles of the process-genetic paradigm.Chernozem soils on the island are formed on a low-strength (25-40, up to 50 cm) rocky-gravelly crust of weathering of dense acidic rocks under the cover of almost virgin steppe herbaceous vegetation and year-round salting from the sea, mainly chlorides and Na sulfates. The soils are short-profile, typical chernozem humus-accumulative type with typical for the chernozem profile genetic horizons, gravel-stony, non-carbonate, almost non-structural, acidic, varyingly saline and solonetinous, but without solonets-ileuvial profile differentiation. The humus content in the upper horizons is very high (10-12, up to 15-18%), it is typical of the chernozem composition of the Chumic acid : Сfulvic acid (2,5-3,3), but with a sharp dominance of the HA-1 fraction (70% and more) and very low content (1-2, up to 3-4%) or lack of typical chernozem HA-2fraction. It is established that there is a tendency to an irreversible constant increase of the chernozem properties and characteristics in soils as the bioproductivity of herbal vegetation increases.For the first time their diagnostic and classification dependence on the system of both domestic and World WRB soil classifications has been determined. The WRB system proposes to refer these soils to the Phaeozem abstract group, with clarification of the classifiers Leptic and Skeletic. The work is practically significant in terms of the integration the Ukrainian soil science in the system of the current international standard of soil classification WRB.References
1. Bilanchyn, Y. M., Zhantalay, P. I., Tortyk, M. Y., Buyanovskiy, A. O., 2008. Doslidzhennia gruntovoho pokryvu o. Zmiinyy. [Studies of the Zmiinyi island soil cover]. Ostriv Zmiinyy. Abiotychni kharakterystyky: monohrafiia [Zmiinyi island. Аbiotic characteristics: monograph]. Аstroprint, Odessa (in Ukrainian).
2. Bilanchin, Y. M., Goshurenko, L. M., Sviderska, I. V., 2009. Pro henetychnu pryrodu chornozemiv o. Zmiyinyy, yikh rechovynno-khimichnoho skladu i vlastyvostey [Genetic nature of Zmiiny island chornozems, nature of their peculiarities and substantive and chemical composition]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 14 (1), 240-245 (in Ukrainian).
3. Bilanchin, Y. M., 2011. Chornozemni grunty ostrova Zmiinyі [ChornozemsoilsofZmiinyisland]. Аgrochemistry and soil science. 76, 95-100 (in Ukrainian).
4. Bilanchyn, Y. M., Zhantalay, P. I., Tortyk, M. Y., Buyanovskiy, A. O., Sviderska, I. V., 2010. Kartohrafuvannya gruntovoho pokryvu i stvorennya gruntovoyi karty ostrova [Soil layers mapping and soil map creation of the Zmіiny island], Agrochemistry and Soil Science. Collect- ed papers.Special Edition.Book 2.Soil science. Zhytomer, 10-12. (in Ukrainian).
5. Bilanchyn, Y. M., Medinets, V. I., Goshurenko, L. M., Pitsy, V. Z., 2013. Atmosferni opady i vidkladennia ta vody pidgruntovoho stoku ostrova Zmiinyi [Atmospheric precipitation, atmospheric sediments, and subsoil runoff on Zmiiny island]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 18 (17), 116-132 (in Ukrainian).
6. Charzynski, P., 2006. Testing WRB on Polish Soils. Torun.
7. Dokuchaev, V. V., 1948. Russkij chernozem: Otchet Vol’n. jekon. [Russian chornozems: Report of free economist]. Selkhozgiz, Moscow (in Russian).
8. Grishina, L. A., Orlov, D. S., 1978.Sistema pokazatelej gu- musnogo sostojanija pochv[The system of indices of a humus soil state. Problems of soil science]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
9. Ivanyuk, G. S., 2017.Klasyfikatsiia i diahnostyka gruntiv: navch. posibnyk [Classification and diagnostics of soils]. LNU named after Ivan Franko, Lviv (in Ukrainian).
10. Ivanyuk, H. S., 2016. Svitovoi referatyvnoi bazy gruntovykh resursiv (WRB) vid stvorennia do sohodennia [Worold reference base for soil resources (WRB): from the establishment to the present time]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 21 (1), 78-84 (in Ukrainian).
11. Kononova, M. M., 1963.Orhanycheskoe veshchestvo pochvы, eho pryroda, svoistva y metodы yzuchenyia [Organic matter of soil, its nature, properties and methods of study]. Publishing-house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow (in Russian).
12. Krasilnikov, P. V., 2009. A Handbook of Soil Terminology, Correlation and Classifi cation. Earthscan, London.
13. Leonidova, I. V., 2013. Biolohichnyi chynnyk gruntot- vorennia ostrova Zmiinyi [Biological factor of soil formation of Zmiiny island].Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 18 (17), 133- 146(in Ukrainian).
14. Leonidova, I. V., 2017. Osoblyvosti protsesu chorno- zemoutvorennia na ostrovi Zmiinyi [Peculiаr features of the Black soil formation processes onZmiiny island].Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol.22 (30), 102-112 (in Ukrainian).
15. Leonidova, I. V., Bilanchyn, Y. M., 2017.Heohrafo- henetychni osoblyvosti gruntotvorennia na ostrovi Zmiinyi: monohrafiia [Geographic and genetic peculiarities of soil formation on Zmiiny island]. ONU named after I. І. Меchnikov,Odesa (in Ukrainian).
16. Manyuk, V., 2004. Geoscientific significance and tourist values of Zmeynyi (Snake) island.Proceeding of the Conference Geological heritage concept, con- servation and protection policy in Central Europe. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers. Cra- cow-Warzawa, 155-161.
17. Polchina, S.M., Nichorich, V.A., 2006. Svitova referatyv- na baza gruntovykh resursiv 2006.Struktura dlia mizhnarodnoi klasyfikatsii, koreliatsii ta komu- nikatsii [World reference base of soil resources 2006.Structure for international classification, correlation and communication]. Ruta, Chernivtsi (in Ukrainian).
18. Polchina, S. M., 2005. Koreliatsiia nomenklatury pryrod- nykh gruntiv Ukrainy ta FAO/WRB [Correlation of Ukraine’s natural soil nomenclature and FAO / WRB].Visn.University Univ. Ser. Biology.252, 214-220 (in Ukrainian).
19. Polupan, M.I., Solovey, V.B., Velichko, V. A., 2005. Klasyfikatsiia gruntiv Ukrainy [Classification of soils of Ukraine]. Agrarian Science, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
20. Ponomariova, V. V., Plotnikova, T. A., 1980. Gumus i po- chvoobrazovanie (metody i rezul’taty izuchenija) [Humus and soil formation (research methods and results)]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
21. Romanova, T. A., 2004. Diagnostika pochv Belarusi i ih klassifikacija v sisteme FAO–WRB.Minsk (in Russian).
22. Stolbovoj, V. S., Sheremet, B.V., 2000. Korreljacija legend pochvennoj karty SSSR masshtaba 1:2500000і pochvennoj karty mira FAO [Correlation of the legend of the soil map of the USSR in scale 1:2500000 and FAO soil map of the world]. Soil science.3, 277-287 (in Russian).
23. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils andcreating legends for soil maps, 2014.World Soil Resources Reports. 106. FAO. Rome.
2. Bilanchin, Y. M., Goshurenko, L. M., Sviderska, I. V., 2009. Pro henetychnu pryrodu chornozemiv o. Zmiyinyy, yikh rechovynno-khimichnoho skladu i vlastyvostey [Genetic nature of Zmiiny island chornozems, nature of their peculiarities and substantive and chemical composition]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 14 (1), 240-245 (in Ukrainian).
3. Bilanchin, Y. M., 2011. Chornozemni grunty ostrova Zmiinyі [ChornozemsoilsofZmiinyisland]. Аgrochemistry and soil science. 76, 95-100 (in Ukrainian).
4. Bilanchyn, Y. M., Zhantalay, P. I., Tortyk, M. Y., Buyanovskiy, A. O., Sviderska, I. V., 2010. Kartohrafuvannya gruntovoho pokryvu i stvorennya gruntovoyi karty ostrova [Soil layers mapping and soil map creation of the Zmіiny island], Agrochemistry and Soil Science. Collect- ed papers.Special Edition.Book 2.Soil science. Zhytomer, 10-12. (in Ukrainian).
5. Bilanchyn, Y. M., Medinets, V. I., Goshurenko, L. M., Pitsy, V. Z., 2013. Atmosferni opady i vidkladennia ta vody pidgruntovoho stoku ostrova Zmiinyi [Atmospheric precipitation, atmospheric sediments, and subsoil runoff on Zmiiny island]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 18 (17), 116-132 (in Ukrainian).
6. Charzynski, P., 2006. Testing WRB on Polish Soils. Torun.
7. Dokuchaev, V. V., 1948. Russkij chernozem: Otchet Vol’n. jekon. [Russian chornozems: Report of free economist]. Selkhozgiz, Moscow (in Russian).
8. Grishina, L. A., Orlov, D. S., 1978.Sistema pokazatelej gu- musnogo sostojanija pochv[The system of indices of a humus soil state. Problems of soil science]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
9. Ivanyuk, G. S., 2017.Klasyfikatsiia i diahnostyka gruntiv: navch. posibnyk [Classification and diagnostics of soils]. LNU named after Ivan Franko, Lviv (in Ukrainian).
10. Ivanyuk, H. S., 2016. Svitovoi referatyvnoi bazy gruntovykh resursiv (WRB) vid stvorennia do sohodennia [Worold reference base for soil resources (WRB): from the establishment to the present time]. Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 21 (1), 78-84 (in Ukrainian).
11. Kononova, M. M., 1963.Orhanycheskoe veshchestvo pochvы, eho pryroda, svoistva y metodы yzuchenyia [Organic matter of soil, its nature, properties and methods of study]. Publishing-house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow (in Russian).
12. Krasilnikov, P. V., 2009. A Handbook of Soil Terminology, Correlation and Classifi cation. Earthscan, London.
13. Leonidova, I. V., 2013. Biolohichnyi chynnyk gruntot- vorennia ostrova Zmiinyi [Biological factor of soil formation of Zmiiny island].Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol. 18 (17), 133- 146(in Ukrainian).
14. Leonidova, I. V., 2017. Osoblyvosti protsesu chorno- zemoutvorennia na ostrovi Zmiinyi [Peculiаr features of the Black soil formation processes onZmiiny island].Visn. Odesa National Univ. Ser. Geograph. Geol.22 (30), 102-112 (in Ukrainian).
15. Leonidova, I. V., Bilanchyn, Y. M., 2017.Heohrafo- henetychni osoblyvosti gruntotvorennia na ostrovi Zmiinyi: monohrafiia [Geographic and genetic peculiarities of soil formation on Zmiiny island]. ONU named after I. І. Меchnikov,Odesa (in Ukrainian).
16. Manyuk, V., 2004. Geoscientific significance and tourist values of Zmeynyi (Snake) island.Proceeding of the Conference Geological heritage concept, con- servation and protection policy in Central Europe. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers. Cra- cow-Warzawa, 155-161.
17. Polchina, S.M., Nichorich, V.A., 2006. Svitova referatyv- na baza gruntovykh resursiv 2006.Struktura dlia mizhnarodnoi klasyfikatsii, koreliatsii ta komu- nikatsii [World reference base of soil resources 2006.Structure for international classification, correlation and communication]. Ruta, Chernivtsi (in Ukrainian).
18. Polchina, S. M., 2005. Koreliatsiia nomenklatury pryrod- nykh gruntiv Ukrainy ta FAO/WRB [Correlation of Ukraine’s natural soil nomenclature and FAO / WRB].Visn.University Univ. Ser. Biology.252, 214-220 (in Ukrainian).
19. Polupan, M.I., Solovey, V.B., Velichko, V. A., 2005. Klasyfikatsiia gruntiv Ukrainy [Classification of soils of Ukraine]. Agrarian Science, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
20. Ponomariova, V. V., Plotnikova, T. A., 1980. Gumus i po- chvoobrazovanie (metody i rezul’taty izuchenija) [Humus and soil formation (research methods and results)]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
21. Romanova, T. A., 2004. Diagnostika pochv Belarusi i ih klassifikacija v sisteme FAO–WRB.Minsk (in Russian).
22. Stolbovoj, V. S., Sheremet, B.V., 2000. Korreljacija legend pochvennoj karty SSSR masshtaba 1:2500000і pochvennoj karty mira FAO [Correlation of the legend of the soil map of the USSR in scale 1:2500000 and FAO soil map of the world]. Soil science.3, 277-287 (in Russian).
23. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils andcreating legends for soil maps, 2014.World Soil Resources Reports. 106. FAO. Rome.
Published
2020-04-08
How to Cite
Bilanchyn, Y., Leonidova, I., & Bulysheva, D. (2020). Specificity of genetic nature and classification characteristics of Zmiiny Island chernozem soils. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 29(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/112003
Section
Статьи
