Spatio-temporal differentiation of distribution patterns of Salicornia perennans, Halimione verrucifera, and Suaeda cf. prostrata (Chenopodiaceae) in the plain part of Ukraine during the Allerød–Holocene
Keywords:
paleofloristics, palynoflora, halophytes, Allerød–Holocene, pollen grains, morphology, spore-pollen analysis, Ukraine
Abstract
The article provides paleofloristic evidence for the history of formation of modern halophytic vegetation in the plain part of Ukraine. Pollen grains of representatives of selected taxa of the family Chenopodiaceae, which belong to the ecological group of halophytes, are important components of palynological characteristics of the PleistoceneHolocene deposits. Results of species-level identifications of halophyte fossil pollen provide a solid basis for the reconstruction of distribution patterns of plant communities on saline soils in space and time. Our analysis of paleofloristic data included both the original results of species-level identifications of pollen grains of Chenopodiaceae and the relevant literature data. The objective of the present research was to analyze and generalize the results of paleofloristic studies that provide evidence on the participation of three characteristic species (Salicornia perennans, Halimione verrucifera, and Suaeda cf. prostrata) in the palynofloras of the Allerød– Holocene deposits of the Right-Bank and Left-Bank parts of the Forest, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe physiographic and vegetation zones of Ukraine. The selected model species at present predominantly occur on wet solonchaks within the present-day Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Only occasionally they occur in the southern parts of the Left-Bank area of the Forest-Steppe Zone. It is worth noting that S. perennans, H. verrucifera and S. cf. prostrata can be also considered as indicators of changes of soil conditions in the past. To increase the reliability of specific-level identifications of fossil pollen of these model taxa, additional palynomorphological studies using both light microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy were performed. The generalized results of paleofloristic studies (fossil palynofloras in deposits of 12 sections) allowed tracing the spatiotemporal differentiation of distribution patterns of S. perennans, H. verrucifera, and S. cf. prostrata in the plain part of Ukraine during the Allerød–Holocene. We first reconstructed both a history of the dynamic ranges (areas of distribution/occurrence) of each of these three indicator species of halophytic vegetation and paleofloristic evidence of distribution of saline soils (in particular, wet salt meadows, salt marshes) in the plain part of Ukraine in space and time forthe considered period. It is worth emphasizing that, as compared to the Right-Bank area, paleofloristic materials presently available demonstrate that the processes of soil salinization were more common in the territory of the Left Bank of the Forest and Forest-Steppe zones of Ukraine during the Late (Younger) Dryas. This trend is also quite clearly traced in the Holocene. Salicornia perennans, H. verrucifera, and Suaeda cf. prostrata most often participated in the formation of plant communities common in saline soils during the Early (PB, BO) and Middle (SB) Holocene in the Left-Bank area of the Forest-Steppe Zone. Due to the results of palynomorphological studies, additional qualitative and quantitative diagnostic characters have been identified and summarized; these characters can be used in the future for species-level identification of pollen grains of S. perennans, H. verrucifera, and S. cf. prostrata in the spore-pollen analysis of deposits of the Quaternary of Northern Eurasia.References
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Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae]. Nash Format, Kyiv (in Ukrainian). doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16968.11527
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2. Andrieieva, O.O., 2011. Golotsenovaya palinoflora severnoy chasti Podolya (Ukraina) [The Holocene palynoflora of the northern part of Podolia (Ukraine)]. XIII Rossiyskaya palinol. konf. s mezhdun. uchastiem «Problemy sovremennoy palinologii», 2, 13–18 (in Russian).
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4. Bezusko, L.G., Bezusko, A.G., Mosyakin, S.L., Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., 2007. Pylok rodyny Chenopodiaceae Juss. u skladi subfosylnykh spektriv Arabatskoi Strilky (Ukraina) [Pollen of Chenopodiaceae Juss. in subfossil spectra of the Arabatska Strelka (Spit) (Ukraine). Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA. Biolohiya ta ekolohiya, 67, 9–14 (in Ukrainian).
5. Bezusko, L.G., Mosyakin, S.L., Bezusko, A.G., 2011. Zakonomirnosti ta tendentsii rozvytku roslynnoho pokryvu Ukrainy u piznomu pleystotseni ta holotseni [Patterns and trends of development of the plant cover of Ukraine in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene]. Alterpress, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
6. Bezusko, L.G., Mosyakin, S.L., Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., 2003. Pylok rodyny Chenopodiaceae Vent. – indykator pryrodnykh ta antropohennykh zmin roslynnoho pokryvu Ukrainy v holotseni [Pollen of the family Chenopodiaceae Vent. as an indicator of natural and anthropogenic changes of vegetation of Ukraine in the Holocene]. Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA. Pryrodnychi nauky, 22(III), 392–395 (in Ukrainian).
7. Bezusko, L.G., Mosyakin, S.L., Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., 2006. Pylok Chenopodiaceae Vent. yak indykator zmin pryrodnykh umov na terytorii Ukrainy v pleystotseni [Pollen of Chenopodiaceae Vent. as an indicator of changes of natural conditions in Ukraine in the Pleistocene]. Ukr. Bot. J. 63(5), 645–653 (in Ukrainian).
8. Bezusko, L.G., Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., Mosyakin, S.L., 2018. Poshyrennya Kochia prostrata (Chenopodiaceae) na rivnynniy chastyni Ukrainy vprodovzh piznoho driasu–holotsenu: paleflorystychnyi ta palinomorfolohichnyi aspekty [Distribution of Kochia prostrata (Chenopodiaceae) in the plain part of Ukraine during the Late Dryas–Holocene:
paleofloristic and palynomorphological aspects]. Visn. Lvivskoho Univ. Ser. Biol. 77, 39–46 (in Ukrainian).
9. Bilyk, G.I., 1963. Roslynnist zasolenykh gruntiv Ukrainy. [Vegetation of saline soils of Ukraine]. Vyd-vo AN URSR, Instytut botaniky, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
10. Bolikhovskaya, N.S., 1995. Evolyutsiya lessovopochvennoy formatsii Severnoy Evrazii [Evolution of the loess-soil formation of Northern Eurasia]. Izd-vo Mosk. Univ., Moscow (in Russian).
11. Dubyna, D.V., Dziuba, T.P., Neuhäuslova, Z., Solomakha, V.A., Tyshchenko, O.V., Shelyag-Sosonko, Yu.R., 2007. Halofitna roslynnist. Klasy Bolboschoenetea
maritimi, Festuco-Puccinellietea, MolinioJuncetea, Crypsietea aculeatae, TheroSalicornietea strictae, Salicornietea fruticosae, Juncetea maritimi [Halophytic vegetation.
Classes Bolboschoenetea maritimi, FestucoPuccinellietea, Molinio-Juncetea, Crypsietea aculeatae, Thero-Salicornietea strictae, Salicornietea fruticosae, Juncetea maritimi] Fitosotsiotsentr, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
12. Erdtman, G., 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm.
13. Freitag, H. 2011. Typification of Salicornia perennans Willd. (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae) and the significance of names by Pallas. Willdenowia, 41, 231–237.
14. Freitag, H., Lomonosova, M. 2006. Typification and identity of Suaeda crassifolia, S. prostrata and S. salsa, three often confused species of Suaeda sect. Brezia (Chenopodiaceae, Suaedoideae). Willdenowia, 36 (Special Issue), 21–36.
15. Iljin, M.M. 1936. Chenopodiaceae. In: Komarov, V.L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR [Flora of the USSR], 6. Izdatelstvo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad (in Russian).
16. Iljin, M.M. 1952. Chenopodiaceae. In: Kotov, M.I. (Ed.) Flora URSR [Flora of the Ukrainian RSR], 4. Vydavnytstvo Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
17. Gerasimenko, N.P., Korzun, Yu.L., Ridush, B.T., 2014. Pryrodni zminy vprodovzh piznolodovykiv’ya ta holotsenu u Serednomu Pryprutti (za danymy paleontolohichnoho ta litolohichnoho vyvchennya vidkladiv pechery Bukovynka, zal Sukhyi) [Тhe Late Glacial and Holocene environmental changes in the Middle Prut Area (palaeontological and lithological data from the Bukovynka Cave, the Sukhy Chamber)]. Fiz. heohraf. ta heomorfoloh. 2(74), 68–74 (in Ukrainian).
18. Grichuk, V.P., 1989. Istoriya flory i rastitelnosti Russkoy ravniny v pleystotsene [History of the flora and vegetation of the Russian Plain in the Pleistocene]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
19. Komar, M.S., 2000. Flora marevykh v ranneneopleystotsenovykh otlozheniyakh yuga Ukrainy [Flora of Chenopodiaceae in the early NeoPleistocene sediments of the south of Ukraine]. Biostratyhrafichni ta paleoekolohichni aspekty podiynoi stratyhrafii, 75–77 (in Russian).
20. Korniets, N., Komar, M., 2001. Dobranichivka site. The Ukraine Quaternary Explored: the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of the Middle Dnieper Area and its importance for East-West European correlation. Excursion guide. IUFQR, 20–22.
21. Kupriyanova, L.A., Aleshina, L.A., 1972. Pyltsa i spory rasteniy flory evropeyskoy chasti SSSR, Vol. 1. [Pollen and spores of plants of the flora of the European part of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian).
22. Monoszon, M.Kh., 1973a. Metodicheskie predposylki indikatsionnoy paleofloristiki i ee znachenie dlya paleogeograficheskikh rekonstruktsiy [Methodological foundations of indicative paleofloristics and its importance for paleogeographic reconstructions]. Metodicheskie voprosy palinologii. Nauka, Moscow, 20–26 (in Russian).
23. Monoszon, M.Kh., 1973b. Opredelitel pyltsy vidov semeystva marevykh (posobie po sporovopyltsevomu analizu) [Identification key of pollen of species of the family Chenopodiaceae (manual on spore-pollen analysis)]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
24. Monoszon, M.Kh., 1985. Flora marevykh v pleystotsenovykh otlozheniyakh evropeyskoy territorii SSSR [Flora of Chenopodiaceae in the Pleistocene sediments of the European territory of the USSR]. Palinologiya chetvertichnogo perioda. Nauka, Moscow, 25–44 (in Russian).
25. Mosyakin, S.L., Bezusko, L.G., Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., 2017. Stepnye vidy v palinoflorakh otlozheniy pozdnego driasa–golotsena ravninnoy chasti Ukrainy [Steppe species in palynofloras of deposits of the Late Drays–Holocene in the plain part of Ukraine]. XIV Vserossiyskaya palinolog. konf. geograf. fak. MGU «Aktualnye problemy sovremennoy palinologii». Moscow, 202–205 (in Russian).
26. Opredelitel vysshikh rasteniy Ukrainy, 1987 [Identification manual of higher plants of Ukraine]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
27. Pashkevich, G.A, 1987. Palinologicheskaya kharakteristika otlozheniy mnogosloynoy stoyanki Molodova–V [Palynological characteristics of sediments of the
multilayer site Molodova–V]. Mnogosloynaya paleoliticheskaya stoyanka Molodova–V. Lyudi kamennogo veka i okruzhayushchaya sreda. Lyudi kamennogo veka i okruzhayushchaya sreda. Nauka, Moscow, 141–151 (in Russian).
28. Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., Le Thomas, A., 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 143, 1–81. doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
29. Sirenko, E.A., 2017. Palinostratigrafiya kontinentalnikh verkhnepliotsenovykh–nizhneneopleystotsenovykh otlozheniy yuzhnoy chasti VostochnoEvropeyskoy platformy [Palynostratigraphy of the continental Upper Pliocene – Lower Cretaceous sediments of the southern part of the Eastern European Platform]. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (in Russian).
30. Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., 2005. Palinomorfolohiya predstavnykiv rodyny Chenopodiaceae Vent. (dlya tsiley systematyky y sporovo-pylkovoho analizu) [Pollen morphology of representatives of the family Сhenopodiaceae Vent. (for taxonomy and spore-pollen analysis)]. Cand. Sci. Diss. Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
31. Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., Mosyakin, S.L., Bezusko, L.G., 2005. Novi pidkhody u rozrobtsi vyznachnyka pylku lobodovykh dlya tsiley pylkovoho analizu (taksony flory Ukrainy) [New approaches to developing an identification manual of pollen of Chenopodiaceae for pollen analysis (taxa occurring in Ukraine)]. Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA. Biolohiya ta ekolohiya, 43, 9–14 (in Ukrainian).
32. Tsymbalyuk, Z.M., Mosyakin, S.L., 2013. Atlas pylkovykh zeren predstavnykiv rodyn Plantaginaceae ta Scrophulariaceae [Atlas of pollen grains of representatives of
Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae]. Nash Format, Kyiv (in Ukrainian). doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16968.11527
33. Tzvelev, N.N. 1993. Zametki o marevykh (Chenopodiaceae) Vostochnoi Evropy. [Notes on Chenopodiaceae of Eastern Europe]. Ukrajinsk. Bot. Zhurn. 50, 78–85 (in Russian).
34. Tzvelev, N.N. 1996a. Salicornia. In: Tzvelev N.N. (Ed.) Flora Vostochnoy Evropy [Flora Europae Orientalis], 9. Mir i Semya-95, St. Petersburg (in Russian).
35. Tzvelev, N.N. 1996b. Suaeda. In: Tzvelev N.N. (Ed.) Flora Vostochnoy Evropy [Flora Europae Orientalis], 9. Mir i Semya-95, St. Petersburg (in Russian).
36. Velichko, A.A., Zelikson, E.M., 2001. Landshaftnoklimaticheskie usloviya i resursnaya osnova sushchestvovaniya mamontov [Landscapeclimatic conditions and resource basis for the existence of mammoths]. Mammoth and its environment: 200 years of study. GEOS, 188–199 (in Russian).
37. Yelovicheva, Ya.K., 2001. Evolyutsiya prirodnoy sredy antropogena Belarusi (po palinologicheskim dannym) [Evolution of the natural environment of the Anthropogene of Belarus (according to palynological data)]. BELSENS, Minsk (in Russian).
Published
2019-07-01
How to Cite
Bezusko, L., Mosyakin, S., & Tsymbalyuk, Z. (2019). Spatio-temporal differentiation of distribution patterns of Salicornia perennans, Halimione verrucifera, and Suaeda cf. prostrata (Chenopodiaceae) in the plain part of Ukraine during the Allerød–Holocene. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(2), 221-229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/111923
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