Methodology of evaluating economic losses resulting from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity
Keywords:
assimilative properties of the air ecosystem, atmospheric air, soils, institutional environment, economic losses from pollution, forest resources, methodological approaches
Abstract
Nowadays the ecosystem approach is widely applied in many countries globally to evaluate economic losses from pollution of the natural environment. In Ukraine, it is reasonable to develop both the methodology of evaluation of economic losses from pollution of the natural environment and the methodology of calculation of correlating coefficients of ecosystems’ assimilative properties for differentiation of the volumes of repayment of economic losses from pollution of nature. The following methods were used in the research: economic and mathematical modeling – for formalization of the evaluation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity; synthesis and analysis, system approach – for analysis of existing mathematical models, evaluation of economic losses from air pollution and forming of institutional environment of calculation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity; inductive – for making conclusions over the best methodological approach to be used for calculation of oxygen production costs. The condition of the institutional environment is analyzed, including the regulatory and organizational maintenance of evaluation of economic losses from air pollution. The paper proves that the existing relevant institutional environment is partially coordinated with international formal rules and organizational structures, which evaluate such economic losses; however, their further efficient evaluation requires timely transformation based on the ecosystem approach to EU directives. The recommendations regarding the institutionalization of the process of ecosystem calculation of caused and prevented losses from the partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity are suggested: application of 2008/50/EU Directive of European Parliament and Council as of May 21, 2008 on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe; review of the amounts of harmful substances TLV in the air; the need to take into account certain factors while calculating economic losses from air pollution (including the calculation of damage to life and health of each person due to air pollution), approval of the documents already developed and adopted but suspended by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, etc. New methodological approaches to alternative evaluation of economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity as opposed to the current one are suggested, including methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen and nitrogen production costs on the basis of the carbon offsets realization; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen production costs based on installation of artificial photosynthesis; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen production costs based on natural photosynthesis – planting and conservation of forests; methodological approaches to calculation of the oxygen and nitrogen “production” costs in metallurgical production; methodological approaches to calculation of prevented economic losses from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity, which are manifested in the long run or those of indirect nature.References
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Forensic Science, 3 (15), 194–221 (in Russian).
2. Boldyrev, V. 2001. Atmosfernym kislorodom – po globalizatsii i kreditoram. Znachimyy faktor geopolitiki, natsional'noy bezopasnosti i pogasheniya dolgov Rossii [Atmospheric oxygen on globalization and creditors. Significant factor of Russia’s geopolitics, national security and debts repayment]. Promyshlennyye vedomosti:
ekspertnaya obshcherossiyskaya gazeta – Industrial Records: Expert Pan-Russian Newspaper,5–6 (16–17) http://www.promved.ru/mart_2001_01.shtml (in Russian).
3. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2001). Pro zatverdzhennya Poryadku rozroblennya ta zatverdzhennya normatyviv hranychnodopustymykh vykydiv zabrudnyuyuchykh rechovyn iz statsionarnykh dzherel [On approval of the procedure for the development and approval of the rates of maximum permissible emission of pollutants from
stationary sources]. 2001, December 28, 1780. http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1780-2001-п
4. Cryogen (2016). Pod Tsyurikhom postroyat pervyy na planete zavod po ochistke vozdukha ot uglekislogo gaza [The first ever plant to clean the air from carbon dioxide to be constructed near Zurich]. :http://cryogen.com.ua/2016/%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%86%d1%8e%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%85%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%bf%d0%be% d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%be%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%8b%d0%b9%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82/ (in Ukrainian).
5. Davydova, A. (2018). Za uglerod vse chashche prosyat tsenu. No dlya vypolneniya tseley Parizhskogo soglasheniya etogo ne khvatayet [For carbon, they are increasingly imposing a price. But this is not enough to fulfill the goals of the Paris Agreement]. 2018, May 28, Newspaper “Kommersant”, 90. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3642476
6. Directive of European Parliament and Council (2008). Pro yakist atmosfernoho povitrya ta chystishe povitrya dlya Yevropy [Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe: 2008/50/EU]. Order, adopted on 2008, May 21, 2008 on Directive [Internet resource]. – Available from: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_950 (in Ukrainian).
7. Emerton, L., & Kekulandala, L.D.C.B. (2003). Assessment of the Economic Value of Muthurajawela Wetland. Occasional Papers of IUCN, No. 4. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Regional Environmental Economics Programme (IUCN Asia).
8. Kvashyn, I. М., Hurin, I.I., (2008). K voprosu o normirovanii vozdukhoobmena po soderzhaniyu CO2 v naruzhnom i vnutrennem vozdukhe [On the issue of oxygen exchange regulation in terms of co2 content in external and internal oxygen]. Abok http://www.abok.ru/for_spec/articles.php?nid=4046 (in Russian).
9. Lakyda, І. P., (2011). [Kysneproduktyvnist modalnykh shtuchnykh sosnyakiv miskykh lisiv mista Kyeva [Oxygen Productiveness of Modal Artificial Urban Pine Forests in Kyiv] http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/chem_biol/nvnau_lds/2011_164_3/11lip.pdf (in Ukrainian).
10. Lobasov, O. P., Suhina, O. M., & Zhyshko, M. I. (2013). Rozvytok metodolohichnykh pidkhodiv do ekonomichnoyi otsinky mineral’no-syrovynnykh resursiv [Development of methodological approaches to the economic evaluation of mineral resources]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 2, 67-80. (in Ukrainian).
11. Law of Ukraine (2010). Pro Osnovni zasady (stratehiyu) derzhavnoyi ekolohichnoyi polityky Ukrayiny na period do 2020 roku [On Major Foundations (Strategy) of 2020 State Ecological Policy of Ukraine]. 2010, December 21, 2818-VI. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2818-17 (in Ukrainian).
12. Maksymiv, Yu.V., Popadynets, N.M., (2016). Rozvytok vnutrishnoho rynku tverdoho biopalyva Ukrayiny v suchasnykh umovakh [Development of the market of solid biofuel in Ukraine under current conditions] Ekonomichnyy chasopys-XXI – Economic Annals-XXI, 159(5-6), 93-96. (in Ukrainian).
13. Matyukha, V. V. (2016). Metodologicheskiy podkhod k otsenke ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti razrabotki mestorozhdeniy na osnove opredeleniya normy diskonta [Methodological approach to the estimation of the economic efficiency of field development on the basis of determination of discount rate]. Gornyy zhurnal – Mountain
Journal, 1, 59-61. (in Russian).
14. Mayer, L. A., Boufadel, M. C., Brenner, J., & et al. (2012). Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Interim Report (National Research Council). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://www.nap.edu/read/13141/chapter/5
15. Melnyk, L. H. (Ed), Karintseva, О. І. (2004). Methods of estimation of ecological losses [Methods of Ecological Losses’ Evaluation]. Sumy : VTD “Universytetska knyha” (in Ukrainian).
16. Meng, G., Sarath, K. Gregory R. & et al. (2015). Health impacts and economic losses assessment of the 2013 severe haze event in Beijing area. Science of The Total Environment, 511, 553–561.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.005.
17. Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine (1996). Pro zatverdzhennya Derzhavnykh sanitarnykh pravyl planuvannya ta zabudovy naselenykh punktiv [On Approval of State Sanitary Regulations of Planning and Development of Settlements]. Order of the 1996, June 19, 173. http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/z0379-96 (in Ukrainian).
18. Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine (1997). Derzhavni sanitarni pravyla okhorony atmosfernoho povitrya naselenykh mists (vid zabrudnennya khimichnymy ta biolohichnymy rechovynamy [State sanitary regulations concerning the protection of settlements’ atmospheric air (from pollution with chemical and biological substances)]. Order of 1997, July 9, 201 http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0201282-97 (in Ukrainian).
19. Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine (2008). Pro zatverdzhennya Metodyky rozrakhunku rozmiriv vidshkoduvannya zbytkiv, yaki zapodiyani derzhavi v rezultati nadnormatyvnykh vykydiv zabrudnyuyuchykh rechovyn v atmosferne povitrya [On adoption of the methodology of calculation of losses sustained by the state due to excessive emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air] Order, adopted on 2008, December 10, 639. http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0048-09 (in Ukrainian).
20. Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine (2006). Pro zatverdzhennya normatyviv hranychnodopustymykh vykydiv zabrudnyuyuchykh rechovyn iz statsionarnykh
dzherel [On approving of the rates of maximum permissible emission of pollutants from stationary sources] Order, adopted on 2006, June 27, 309. http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0912-06 (in Ukrainian).
21. Ministry of Housing of Ukraine (2009). Pro zatverdzhennya Metodyky vyznachennya vidnovnoyi vartosti zelenykh nasadzhen [On adoption of the methodology of calculation of replacement costs of green plantings]. Order of 2009, May 12, 127. http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0549-09 (in Ukrainian).
22. Razovskyi, Yu. V., Suhina, O. M. (2017) Klassifikatsiya mineral'no-syr'yevogo i ekologicheskogo kapitala po istochniku formirovaniya [Classification of Mineral-Raw Material and Ecological Capital by the Source of Forming]. Gornyy zhurnal – Mountain Journal, 10, 22-25. (in Russian).
23. State Committee of Russian Federation on Environmental Protection (1999). Vremennaya metodika opredeleniya predotvrashchennogo ekologicheskogo ushcherba [Temporary methodology of calculation of prevented ecological damage]. Order of the 1999, March 9. http://meganorm.ru/Index2/1/4294849/4294849569.htm (in Russian).
24. Suhina, О., Ulytskyi, O., Razovskiy, Y., Serhii, P., (2018). Estimation of Damage from Atmospheric Air Pollution by Determination of Cost of Oxygen Production through the Installation of Artificial Photosynthesis. Fundamental and Applied Research: Collection of scientific articles. Melbourne (Australia): Dingo Publishing, 47–51.
25. Tagaeva, T. O., Gilmundinov, V. M., & Kazantseva, L. K. (2015). Ekonomicheskie metody regulirovaniya kachestva okruzhayushchey sredy v Rossii [Economic methods for regulating the quality of the environment in Russia]. Mir novoy ekonomiki – The World of a New Economy, 4, 48-61. (in Russian).
26. Yazhlev, I. K. (2009). O sostoyanii metodicheskogo obespecheniya otsenki ushcherba prirodnoi srede v Rossiiskoi Federatsii i za rubezhom [The study of the state of the methodological support of environmental damage evaluation in the Russian Federation and abroad]. Teoriya i praktika sudebnoy ekspertizy – Theory and Practice of
Forensic Science, 3 (15), 194–221 (in Russian).
Published
2019-04-21
How to Cite
Suhina, O., Shults, S., Tkach, V., Popadynets, N., & Kamushkov, O. (2019). Methodology of evaluating economic losses resulting from partial loss of the air ecosystem’s assimilative capacity. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(1), 188-198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/111920
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Статьи