The chemical composition of precipitation in Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies
Keywords:
atmospheric precipitation, chemical composition, anthropogenic component, environment, water bodies, Ukraine
Abstract
This article provides characteristic of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies. In Ukraine, the rainfall is 650 mm/year in the northwest of the country (mixed forests), up to 300 mm/year in the south (steppe zone), in the Ukrainian Carpathians - up to 1,600 mm/year. Acidity of atmospheric precipitation (pH) on the territory of Ukraine according to monitoring meteorological stations is 5.9-6.3. Minimum values of mineralization of atmospheric precipitation are observed in a zone of mixed forests in the north of the country. In particular, according to the weather station of Teteriv, the mineralization of atmospheric precipitation is 27.0 mg/l. In forest-steppe and steppe zones, this rate gradually increases to 35-45 mg/l, reaching a maximum in the steppe zone at the Askania-Nova meteorological station (82.4 mg/l). In the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation, anion predominates sulfates, and among cations - magnesium. Anthropogenic component of the total mineralization of atmospheric precipitation, calculated for the first time on the territory of Ukraine (meteorological station Kobelyaki) by comparison with the regional natural background, is 69%. Concentration of sulfate ions (8-24 mg/l) in atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine shows a high level of pollution with sulfur, which corresponds to IV-V levels o environmental pollution. It is noted that with increasing concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation a tendency towards a decrease in the pH in the water of Svityaz Lake is projected. Current research shows that at high concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation, the risk of falling individual rains with low pH (so-called acid rains) increases. Waters of high concentration of organic matter and low mineralization of water are widely distributed on the territory of Ukraine (catchments of Polissya and the Carpathian region): up to 100 mg/l in the meadows and up to 30 mg/l in the flood period. Often, the pH of water in them is 6-6.5 and precipitation of acidic precipitation can significantly affect their hydroecological state. The obtained results on the influence of chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on water objects have a diagnostic character. For more specific results, special synchronized studies of the chemical composition of the water of experimental water reservoirs with sampling ofatmospheric precipitation are required.References
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2. Hodzher T.V., 2005. Issledovanie sostava atmosfernyh vypadenij i ih vozdejstviya na ekosistemy Bajkalskoj prirodnoj territorii [Investigation of the composition of atmospheric deposition and their impact on the ecosystems of the Baikal natural territory]. Avtoref. dis. … kand. geogr.nauk. Moskva. 44 s. (in Russia).
3. Horiev L.M., Peleshenko V.I., Khilchevskyi V.K., 1995. Hidrokhimiia Ukrainy [Hydrochemistry of Ukraine]. Vyshcha shkola, Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
4. Khilchevskyi V.K., 2015. Pershi kompleksni gidrohimichni doslidzhennya Shackih ozer na Volyni u 1975 r. – pochatok formuvannya naukovoyi shkoli gidrohimiyi ta gidroekologiyi Kiyivskogo nacionalnogo universitetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenko [The first hydrochemical researches of Shatski lakes in the Volyn region in 1975 - the beginning of the formation hydrochemistry and hydroecology scientific school of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv]. Hidrolohiia, hidrokhimiia i hidroekolohiia. 39 (4). 64˗71 (in Ukranian).
5. Khilchevskyi V.К., Kurylo S.М., 2016. Khimichnyi sklad atmosfernykh opadiv na terytorii Ukrainy ta yoho antropohenna skladova [Сhemical composition of precipitation in Ukraine and its anthropogenic component]. Hidrolohiia, hidrokhimiia i hidroekolohiia. 43(4). 63–74 (in Ukranian).
6. Khilchevskyi V.К., Kurylo S.М., Sherstyuk N.P., 2018. Chemical composition of different types of natural waters in Ukraine. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology. 27(1), 68-80. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15421/111832.
7. Khilchevskyi V.K., Osadchyi V.I., Kurylo S.M., 2012. Osnovy gidrohimii [Basics of hydrochemistry]. Nika-Tsentr, Kyiv (in Ukranian).
8. Kosovets˗Skavronska O.O., Snizhko S.I., 2008. Chasova transformatsiia khimichnoho skladu atmosfernykh opadiv na terytorii Ukrainy [Temporal transformation of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of Ukraine]. Ekonomichna ta sotsialna heohrafiia. 58. 242–252 (in Ukranian).
9. Nasiruddin Khan M., Sarwar A., 2014. Chemical composition of wet precipitation of air pollutants: A case study in Karachi, Pakistan. Atmosfera. 27 (1). 35-46.
10. Peleshenko V.I., Romas N.I., Khilchevskyi V.K., 1986. Vliyanie antropogennyh faktorov na himicheskij sostav snezhnogo pokrova g. Kieva i prilegayushih rajonov [The influence of anthropogenic factors on the chemical composition of the snow cover in the city of Kyiv and adjacent areas]. Gidrohimicheskie materialy. 13 (DSP). 3–9 (in Russia).
11. Romas M.I., Kosovets O.O., 2007. Formuvannia khimichnoho skladu atmosfernykh opadiv na terytorii Ukrainy [Formulation of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of Ukraine]. Hidrolohiia, hidrokhimiia i hidroekolohiia. 12. 172–181 (in Ukranian).
12. Svistov P.F., Polishuk A.I., Pershina N.A., 2009. Fonovyj uroven sostoyaniya atmosfery po mnogoletnim dannym o himicheskom sostave atmosfernyh osadkov [The background level of the state of the atmosphere from long-term data on the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation]. Trudy GGO im. A.I. Voejkova. (560), 116–143 (in Russia).
13. Svistov P.F., Polishuk A.I., Pershina N.A., 2010. Kachestvennaya ocenka zagryazneniya okruzhayushej sredy (po dannym o himicheskom sostave atmosfernyh osadkov) [A qualitative assessment of environmental pollution (according to the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation)]. Trudy GGO im. A.I. Voejkova.
Spec. vypusk 2. 4–17 (in Russia).
14. Svistov P.F., Polishuk A.I., Pershina N.A., 2012. Mineralizaciya osadkov v diagnoze izmenenij zagryazneniya okruzhayushej prirodnoj sredy [Mineralization of precipitation in the diagnosis of changes in environmental pollution]. Tezisy dokl. mezhdunar. nauchn. konferencii po regionalnym problemam gidrometeorologii i
monitoringa okruzh. sredy. 305–307. Kazan (in Russia).
15. Vlastos D. et all., 2018. Assessment of the toxic potential of rainwater precipitation: First evidence from a case study in three Greek cities. Science of The Total Environment. 648. 1323-1332. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.166.
16. Wanga H., Hanb G., 2011. Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in Chengdu, Southwest China. Atmospheric Research. 99(2). 190-196. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.004.
17. WMO/GAW Strategic Plan: 2008 - 2015. A contribution to the implementation of the WMO Strategic Plan 2008 – 2011. WMO, GAW, No. 172. TD No. 1384. Retrieved from http://www.wmo-gawwcc-aerosol-physics.org/files/gaw-172.pdf.
18. Xiao Jun, 2016. Chemical composition and source identification of rainwater constituents at an urban site in Xi’an. Environmental Earth Sciences. 75(3). Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-015-4997-z.
Published
2019-04-19
How to Cite
Khilchevskyi, V., Kurylo, S., Sherstyuk, N., & Zabokrytska, M. (2019). The chemical composition of precipitation in Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/111909
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Статьи
