Geographical aspects of demographic burden on the employable population of Ukraine: analysis for 1989-2021
Keywords:
population, demographic burden, demographic degradation, aging of the population, age cohorts
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of population dynamics in the main age groups and the impact of demographic burden on the employable population in Ukraine during 1989- 2021. The purpose of the study is to characterize the dynamics of demographic burden on the employable population of Ukraine for the period 1989-2021, to identify patterns of influence of the demographic crisis and aging processes of the population on the growth of the demographic burden indicator. Based on the processing of statistical information of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, census data in 1989 and 2001, an analysis of the demograph- ic burden in Ukraine in general and in some of its regions in particular, revealed peak years of demographic burden on the employable population and indicated the causes of such a phenomenon. The analysis of the dynamics of the main demographic indicators of the population of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the long period of low birth rate over the past three decades, the insignificant increase in mortality among the elderly population against the background of a sharp increase in mortality in working age, as well as the impact of migration processes have left a deep imprint on the level of demographic burden. A comparative analysis of the total demographic burden factors in Ukraine and the EU countries was carried out. It was found that in all EU countries, the structure of the overall load is dominated by the burden of the elderly (over the age of 65 years), which emphasizes the deepening of the aging process- es of the population. Analysis of the age structure of the population of the countries of this group confirms that in the future the share of people of disabled age will only grow, and accordingly, the indicator of demographic burden will increase, which threatens to increase the so-called «social abstinence». The obtained results allow us to conclude that there are signs of «demographic degradation» and «demographic reurbanization» of the employable population in Ukraine. And in the future, the age structure of the population in Ukraine will move towards aging: the number of elderly people will increase, and the number of people of employable population will decrease. This, in turn, will lead to a significant increase in the demographic burden on the employable population. To solve this problem, a set of effective and thoughtful measures of demographic and social policy is needed, which will be aimed at effective and rational regulation of migration flows, creation of new jobs, increase of wages and productivity of labor, improvement of the taxation system, etc.References
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17. Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2021). Retrieved from: https://idss.org.ua/index
18. Rahul Malhotra, Mary Ann C Bautista, Andre Matthias Müller, Su Aw, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Yin-Leng Theng, Stephen James Hoskins, Chek Hooi Wong, Chunyan Miao, Wee-Shiong Lim, Chetna Malhotra, Angelique Chan (2019). The Aging of a Young Nation: Population Aging in Singapore. The Gerontologist. Volume 59. Issue 3. Pages 401–410, https://doi. org/10.1093/geront/gny160
19. Romaniuk A., Gladun O. (2015). Demographic Trends in Ukraine: Past, Present, and Future, Population and Development Review, 41(2), 315–337. doi: 10.1111/j.1728- 4457.2015.00049.x.
20. State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Population (1990- 2020). Retrieved from: https://ukrstat.org/en/operativ/ menu/menu_e/ds.htm
21. Topchiiev O.H., Yavorska V.V., Dimova N.V. (2014). Heodemohrafiia: rehionalnyi demohrafichnyi rozvytok Ukrainy [Geodemography: regional demographic development of Ukraine]. BMB, Odesa. (In Ukrainian)
22. Yavorska V., Sych V., Hevko I, Shorobura I., Dolynska O. (2021). Modern Demographic Processes in Ukraine. Factors of Influence SHS Web of Conferences 100, 05001. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/350505268_Modern_Demographic_ Processes_in_Ukraine_Factors_of_Influence https:// doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110005001
Published
2023-04-11
How to Cite
Zastavetska, L., Zastavetskyi, T., Havryshok, B., Taranova, N., Smochko, N., & Stetsko, N. (2023). Geographical aspects of demographic burden on the employable population of Ukraine: analysis for 1989-2021. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 32(1), 201-211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15421/112319
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Статьи
