of Geology, Geography and Geoecology

. The Carpathian region has a high tourist and recreational potential for the develop - ment of cultural and educational tourism for both domestic and foreign tourists. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the attractiveness of the material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region based on the results of the survey of respondents, which were obtained during a sociological study within the framework of the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project. The subject of the study is the analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of respondents regarding the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The object of the research is tourists who visited historical and cultural sites in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions. The originality of the study is that the authors for the first time assessed the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region by improving the criteria based on processing the answers of respondents to a questionnaire. As a result, 264 respondents over the age of 18 who visited historical and cultural sites and used tourist services in the Carpathian region gave answers. It was found that 92% of respondents from the total sample are citizens of Ukraine, 31.1% are people aged 30 to 39 years. The largest share of tourists recorded in the city of Iva - no-Frankivsk, which is 22% of the total number of surveyed respondents, which indicates that tourists are most attracted by material objects of historical and cultural heritage in the regional city, in second place is Nadvirnyanskyi (Ivano-Frankivsk region) and Rakhiv districts (Transcarpathian ragion). The researchers evaluated the attractiveness of material objects of the historical and cultural heri - tage of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions according to 8 criteria, 6 of which are proposed by the authors of the study: cultural and historical value, pricing policy, recreational infrastructure, information availability (incl. in a foreign language), territorial accessibility to facilities, as well as service quality. As a result, the respondents gave the largest number of answers according to the rating «excellent» according to the criterion «emotional comfort», which was 70.1% of the surveyed tourists, the least – according to the indicator «information availability» (35%), which indicates the limited information about the historical – cultural objects of the Carpathian region. A list of the most popular historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions was compiled based on the answers of the respondents, and the main directions of further tourist trips were determined. Nadvirna, Verkhovyna districts and the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which the surveyed respondents plan to visit in the future, made it to the top 3.


Introduction
The cultural heritage of Ukraine is an integral part of the world cultural property. Preservation and protection of national cultural and spiritual heritage is recognized as one of the priorities of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine (Polyvach, 2012).
Awareness of the importance of cultural heritage is a driving force for the growth of the constant desire for knowledge and identity, which is manifested in the desire to rediscover one's own history, traditions, and spiritual roots (Stepko, 2012).
The Carpathian region has a high tourist and recreational potential for the development of various types of tourism, including cultural and educational, ethnic, ecological tourism. The tourism resources of the region include unique natural resources, a favorable climate, a unique complex of historical and cultural heritage objects that most attract tourists (Arkhypova, Korobeynikova, Kachala, Vinnychenko, Pobigun, Hryniuk, 2022). This determined the development of tourism not only at the regional, but also at the national and international levels (Liutak, Baula, 2020).
The use of cultural heritage in tourism was actively studied by scientists, as a result of which the experience of preserving cultural heritage in the USA, Canada and Great Britain was highlighted (Katarhina, 2003). An analysis of the peculiarities of tourism in historical places was carried out (Harrison, 2012), as well as a comprehensive assessment of the use of historical cultural potential and its role in the development of the regions of Ukraine (Polyvach, 2012).
Material objects of historical and cultural heritage can be decisive in the organization of tourist trips. For example, in Europe, thanks to the presence of such objects, the largest incomes from their visits are received by Spain, France, Italy, Great Britain and Austria, and in other countries of the world -Egypt, China, Mexico. According to international statistics, their size is about 50 billion dollars per year.
A significant number of scientific publications by V.I. Matsola, P.O. Maslyak, L.S. Hryniv, S.R. Novytska and I.V. Smal (Smal, 2003) is devoted to the evaluation of cultural and historical resources.
It is worth noting that historical and cultural objects are not only an important factor in the formation of the national worldview, but also the most important tourist resource that is actively used to meet tourist needs and make a profit by tourism business enterprises (Dorofieieva, 2017).
In order to popularize and promote tourist products, develop new tourist routes in the Carpathian region, there is a need to determine what characteristics attract tourists when visiting historical and cultural objects, which determines the relevance of the research.
The purpose of the research is to assess the attractiveness of the material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region based on the results of a survey of respondents obtained during a sociological study within the framework of the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project of the EC Hungary-Slovakia-Romania-Ukraine 2014-2020 cross-border cooperation program.
The subject of the research is the analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of respondents regarding the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions.
The object of the research is tourists who visited historical and cultural sites in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions.
The tasks of the research are to analyze the results of a questionnaire survey of tourists who visited historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions of the Carpathian region regarding their attractiveness; compilation of the list of the most popular historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions according to the answers of the respondents; determination of the main travel destinations of tourists that they plan to visit in the future in the Carpathian region.
The originality of the study is that, for the first time, the assessment of the attractiveness of the material objects of the historical and cultural heritage of the Carpathian region was carried out by improving the criteria based on the processing of the respondents' answers to the questionnaire survey.

Materials and methods
A necessary feature of the effective implementation of the tourist potential is its attractiveness in view of the specifics of the tourism sphere. Actually, appealingness in tourism is «the degree of attractiveness, exoticism and uniqueness of excursion-tourist objects and recreational-tourist resources involved in the use in the tourism industry» (Mashika, 2019).
The Carpathian region (Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, Lviv and Chernivtsi Oblasts) with its numerous historical and cultural monuments, as well as unique recreational resources, is one of the most attractive regions of Ukraine for the development of tourism. Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions were specifically chosen to assess the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects, as they are part of the tourist route within the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project and have a strong tourist potential that can attract both domestic and incoming tourists.
According to the Law of Ukraine «On the Protection of Cultural Heritage», all objects of cultural heritage are divided into movable and immovable objects, and according to types into archaeological, historical, objects of monumental art, objects of architecture and urban planning, objects of garden -park art, landscape and objects of science and technology. This research assessed the attractiveness of material objects of cultural heritage that are immovable, that is, they cannot be moved to another place without losing their value from an archaeological, aesthetic, ethnological, historical, architectural, artistic, scientific or artistic point of view and preserving their authenticity (On the protection of cultural heritage: Law of Ukraine, June 8, 2000, No. 39). Tangible cultural heritage includes monuments, ensembles, places of interest, as well as the contents of museums; architectural buildings (churches, monasteries, castles, palaces) and other cultural and architectural monuments.
There are 3,944 objects of cultural heritage in the state register in Ivano-Frankivsk region, 107 of which are of national importance and 3,837 are of local importance. 64 monuments of cultural heritage have been entered into the State Register of Immovable Monuments of Ukraine. Moreover, two monuments of sacred architecture are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List -the Church of the Holy Spirit (1598) in the city of Rohatyn and the Church of the Nativity of the Holy Virgin, which was built in the Kolomyya district in 1808 (Protection of cultural heritage and museum affairs at the regional level).
1,837 immovable historical and cultural objects are recorded in the register of cultural heritage of Transcarpathian region. The castles of Transcarpathia occupy an important place among monuments, and the pearls of architectural monuments are wood-en churches (two of which were included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List in 2013). In addition, a large number of monuments are in museum institutions. Today, the region operates 8 state museums, 2 memorial houses-museums of people's artists of Ukraine (F. Manayla and A. Kotsky), more than 160 museums on a public basis (Comprehensive Program for the Preservation and Use of Cultural Heritage Monuments of the Transcarpathian Region for 2016-2020 years (Approved by the decision of the Transcarpathian Regional Council on 22.12.2015 No. 91).
The presence of such cultural heritage increases tourist interest and acts as a significant recreational resource.
The research methodology is a questionnaire survey of tourists to obtain information about the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects, analysis and generalization of the results of the survey of respondents within the framework of the «Carpathian Cultural Route» project.
In this research, a questionnaire survey of respondents who visited material objects of historical and cultural heritage of Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions was carried out.
The extreme popularity of the questionnaire survey method is explained by the variety and quality of sociological information. This method is based on a detailed analysis of respondents' answers and the statements of individual persons (tourists) regarding their impressions of visiting historical and cultural objects.
The main advantages of a questionnaire survey are its versatility, because in a short time it is possible to interview a large number of people, insignificant material costs, obtaining relevant information of any nature, since the motives of tourists' trips, the quality of their service and general impressions change. The disadvantage is that the information obtained in the survey process simplifies complex social reality, and the answers received from respondents are not always true and reliable.
The research used questionnaires that the respondents filled out immediately on the spot, which guaranteed their complete and, in addition, the researcher was able to control the process of filling out the questionnaires, helping the respondents by clarifying certain questions. The approach was to study the opinion of consumers of historical and cultural objects regarding the inclusion of these objects in the Carpathian Cultural Route. 264 people took part in the questionnaire survey. The sample for which the study was conducted, included persons representing the adult population (over 18 years).
The questionnaire contained closed-ended questions, which provided a list of answer options, and open-ended questions, where respondents had the opportunity to express their thoughts and wishes. This approach contributed to an in-depth analysis of the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects.
The questions in the questionnaire were formulated simply and clearly to avoid mistakes, and closedtype questions prevailed. Microsoft Excel was used to process the questionnaires and to ensure the maximum accuracy of the results obtained, which made it possible to create a database of respondents' answers to questionnaire questions and practically avoid manual paper work and, accordingly, errors that are inevitable during manual coding and data entry.
Tourist attractiveness depends on a number of factors, including natural, demographic, social, economic, and cultural factors.
However, the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects is often variable and can change depending on many factors that affect the attractiveness of tourist resources. They include cultural and historical value, availability of appropriate recreational infrastructure, informational and territorial accessibility to material objects of historical and cultural heritage, pricing policy and quality of service. Therefore, these criteria were additionally included in the questionnaire to assess the tourist attractiveness of historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions (Table 1). Evaluation of the results of the survey of respondents was carried out according to the scale shown in Table 2.

Results and their analysis
As a result, it was found that 92% of Ukrainian citizens and 8% of foreigners took part in the questionnaire regarding the attractiveness of material objects of historical and cultural heritage in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions (Fig. 1).
Among the surveyed citizens, 53.8% are men, 46.2% are women, including foreign tourists. The total number of foreign visitors participating in the survey is 18 people, among whom 77.8% are men, 22.2% are women.
The formed sample reflected different age categories of the population with different levels of education, marital status, type of occupation and income level. As a result, it was recorded that the majority of respondents (31.1%) are people aged 30 to 39 years (Fig. 2).  The circle of interviewed respondents who answered questions about their assessment of the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects they visited in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions (Table 3) was selected randomly. The largest share of respondents was recorded in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which is 22,7% of the total number of respondents, the smallest in Rohatyn -5.7%. Regarding the assessment of the authenticity (uniqueness) of historical and cultural objects, 62.9% of tourists gave the answer «excellent», which indicates the presence of unique tourist resources that evoke positive impressions and delight the respondents, 25.8% gave the answer «good», 7.6% -«satisfactory». Only 2.7% of tourists from the total sample did not answer the question, which generally does not affect the final result (Table 4). According to the state of preservation of material objects as a cultural and historical value, 65.2% of surveyed tourists rated it as «excellent», 23.5% -«good», 8.3% -«satisfactory», 2.3% -did not indicate the answer to question and less than 1% -«bad» (Table 5). Analyzing the results of the survey on pricing policy, it was found that 53.8% of tourists are quite satisfied with the prices for tourist services when visiting historical and cultural objects in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions, which is evidenced by the «excellent» rating. More than a quarter of respondents (31.8%) gave the «good» score, but 8% of tourists gave the answer «satisfactory» score, which indicates that the prices for a certain group of tourists are high and they do not have the opportunity to visit a large number of paid tourist locations (Table 6). In general, the majority of respondents (59.8%) assessed the quality of service as «excellent» when visiting historical and cultural objects in the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions, a quarter of the respondents rated it as «good», the rest of the respondents (14%) were dissatisfied with the quality maintenance (Fig. 7). Among the problems they faced, the questionnaire noted the limited assortment at the object, the lack of food establishments near tourist objects, and limited access to the Internet. The results of the survey indicate a lack of information when visiting historical and cultural objects, because only 35.2% of respondents rated it as «excellent». The remaining 29.2% of the respondents -«good», 24.2% -«satisfactory», 4.9% -«bad», 5.7% -no answer. Less than 1% of surveyed tourists are very dissatisfied with the information availability of tourist facilities (Table 8).
In conclusion, in order to increase the demand for visiting historical and cultural objects among tourists, more attention should be paid to information provision: advertising stands, markings on tourist routes (including in a foreign language), the location of information boxes in large settlements, advertising in social networks, creating video content about unique historical monuments and their distribution on the YouTube channel. From the total sample of all respondents, 50.8% of tourists rated the territorial accessibility when visiting historical and cultural objects as «excellent», 30.7% -«good», 14% -«satisfactory», 1.1% -«bad», 3.4% of respondents did not indicate the answer to the question (Table 9). Only 37.9% of tourists rated the recreation infrastructure of the territory, where historical and cultural objects are located, as «excellent», which indicates that the majority of visitors are not sufficiently satisfied with the arrangement of the recreation area near tourist locations (Table 10). According to the «Emotional comfort» parameter, the largest number of tourists (70.1%) rated it «excellent» among all the specified criteria for assessing the attractiveness of historical and cultural objects, 18.6% -«good», 7.6% -«satisfactory». This indicates a positive general impression when visiting tourist locations, which are concentrated on the territory of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions (Table 11).
After analyzing the respondents' answers to the open questionnaire question «Please list the historical and cultural objects in the Carpathians that you plan to visit during your stay/vacation», it was determined that the most desirable historical and cultural objects for visiting among tourists are: the fortress gallery «Bastion», Potocki Palace, Iva- As a result of the analysis of respondents' answers regarding historical and cultural objects that they still plan to visit during their stay/rest in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions of the Carpathian region, it was established that, mainly, tourists seek to visit tourist locations that are concentrated in Ivano-Frankivsk region, namely in Nadvirna, Verkhovyna, Kosiv, Kolomiya, Dolyna (Kalush district according to the new zoning of the region) districts and in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk.
As a result, 46% of the respondents indicated that they plan to learn more about the historical and cultural objects located in the Nadvirna district, 14%in the Verkhovyna district, and 13% -in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. The smallest number of respondents (1%) chose the northern direction of the region for travel (the city of Rohatyn).
Based on the obtained results, a map of the percentage distribution of respondents' answers regarding the main directions of travel during which they plan to visit historical and cultural objects was created (Fig. 3) and the top 3 directions of potential trips in the territory of Ivano-Frankivsk region were deter-mined (Fig. 4). The given map was built using the Corel Draw vector graphic editor to display the results of a sociological survey of tourists.

Conclusions
Historical and cultural heritage plays an important role in preserving the past, forming the historical memory and national consciousness of the Ukrainian people. The tourist attraction of the Carpathian region is determined not only by the presence of unique historical and cultural objects on the territory, but also by the quality of tourist services provided when visiting them.
As a result of a questionnaire survey, an assessment of the attractiveness of material objects of historical and cultural heritage was carried out using the example of Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions according to eight criteria, six of which were proposed by the authors of the research: cultural and historical value, recreational infrastructure, informational and territorial accessibility to objects, price policy and quality of service.
The largest number of responses rated «excellent» was found for the criterion «emotional comfort», which was 70.1% of the surveyed respondents, 65.2% -historical and cultural value, 62.9% -authenticity, 59.8% -quality of service, 53.8% -pricing policy. However, less than 50% of tourists gave an «excellent» score for such indicators as: recreation infrastructure (37.9%) and information availability (35.2%), which indicates insufficient provision of information about objects and the need for development and improvement of recreation infrastructure when visiting historical and cultural objects of the Carpathian region.
A list of the most popular historical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions was compiled based on the answers of the respondents, and the main directions of further tourist trips were determined. Nadvirna, Verkhovyna districts and the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, which the surveyed respondents plan to visit in the future, made it to the Top-3.
Therefore, the results of the questionnaire made it possible to study in detail the opinion of visitors to his-torical and cultural objects of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Transcarpathian regions regarding their attractiveness and to take into account the problems encountered by tourists in order to improve the infrastructure, beauti-fy the territory and popularize material objects of historical and cultural heritage among the population by attracting sponsors to restore the cultural heritage of the Carpathian region.